fix: make restricted_column run linearly

[gafiatulin]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes Planning time grows quadratically with IN-list size on main #25905.

What is the testing strategy for this PR?

Unit tests

Are there any user-facing changes?

No, only internal implementation.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 94.02985% with 8 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 82.58%. Comparing base (9ee892b) to head (a73ea5a).
⚠️ Report is 8 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
datafusion/physical-plan/src/filter.rs	94.02%	1 Missing and 7 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main   #25908    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   82.58%   82.58%            
========================================
  Files        1145     1145            
  Lines      443776   443907   +131     
  Branches   443776   443907   +131     
========================================
+ Hits       366502   366619   +117     
- Misses      55013    55015     +2     
- Partials    22261    22273    +12     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Harness.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.